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Utilization of nano/micro-size iron recovered from the fine fraction of automobile shredder residue for

Jiwan SINGH, Yoon-Young CHANG, Jae-Kyu YANG, Seon-Hong KANG, Janardhan Reddy KODURU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0848-8

摘要： Phenol removal by n/m Fe in the presence of H O was highly effective. Increasing the amounts of n/m Fe and H O ?increased the phenol removal rate. Phenol removal was decreased with an increase in the concentration of phenol. The natural pH (6.9) of the solution was highly effective for phenol removal. The pseudo-first-order kinetics was best fitted for the degradation of phenol. The study investigates the magnetic separation of Fe from automobile shredder residue (ASR) (<0.25 mm) and its application for phenol degradation in water. The magnetically separated Fe was subjected to an ultrasonically assisted acid treatment, and the degradation of phenol in an aqueous solution using nano/micro-size Fe (n/m Fe) was investigated in an effort to evaluate the possibility of utilizing n/m Fe to remove phenol from wastewater. The prepared n/m Fe was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of the dosages of n/mFe, pH, concentration of phenol and amount of H O on phenol removal were evaluated. The results confirm that the phenol degradation rate was improved with an increase in the dosages of n/mFe and H O ; however, the rate is reduced when the phenol concentration is higher. The degradation of phenol by n/mFe followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The value of the reaction rate constant ( was increased as the amounts of n/m Fe and H O increased. Conversely, the value of was reduced when the concentration of phenol was increased. The probable mechanism behind the degradation of phenol by n/m Fe is the oxidation of phenol through hydroxyl radicals which are produced during the reaction between H O and n/m Fe.

关键词： Automobile shredder residue (ASR) Fe Phenol Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) Mechanism

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Chromium steel from chromite ore processing residue----A valuable construction material from a waste

Jay N. MEEGODA, Wiwat KAMOLPORNWIJIT

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 159-166 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0325-3

摘要： As species we humans generate excessive amounts of waste and hence for sustainability we should explore innovative ways to recover them. The primary objective of this study is to demonstrate an efficient and optimum way to recover chromium and iron from chromite ore processing residues (COPR) for the production of chrome steel and stainless steel. In Hudson County, New Jersey, there are more than two million tons of leftover COPR. Part of COPR was used as fill materials for construction sites, which spread the problem to a larger area. With high solubility along with their toxicity leached chromate from COPR is threatening the environment as well as human health. In this research, COPR was thermally treated to recover iron with chromium by applying techniques used in steel manufacturing. An extensive experimental program was performed using a Thermo-Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and bench scale tests to thermally treat the processed chromium contaminated soils with carbon and sand at varying temperatures and under reducing environment. The optimum chemical composition of COPR and additives to be used in the melts were evaluated based upon the thermodynamic properties of the mixture to ensure good phase separation, least amounts of iron and chromium oxides in the slag and minimum variability of final product (steel or iron with chromium). The impact of other oxides on the steel making process was evaluated to minimize the adverse impact on the process. The research demonstrated the feasibility of recovering a valuable construction material (chrome steel) from a waste (COPR).

关键词： chromite ore processing residue chromium steel reduction thermal treatment beneficial use

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Emission factors of gaseous carbonaceous species from residential combustion of coal and crop residue

Qin WANG, Chunmei GENG, Sihua LU, Wentai CHEN, Min SHAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 66-76 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0428-5

摘要： Experiments were performed to measure the emission factors ( s) of gaseous carbonaceous species, such as CO , CO, CH , and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), from the combustion of five types of coal of varying organic maturity and two types of biomass briquettes under residential burning conditions. Samples were collected in stainless steel canisters and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridges and were analyzed by GC–FID/MS and HPLC, respectively. The s from crop residue briquette burning were generally higher than those from coals, with the exception of CO . The dominant NMVOC species identified in coal smoke were carbonyls (41.7%), followed by C2 unsaturated hydrocarbons (29.1%) and aromatics (12.1%), while C2 unsaturated hydrocarbons were the dominant species (68.9%) emitted from the combustion of crop residue briquettes, followed by aromatics (14.4%). A comparison of burning normal crop residues in stoves and the open field indicated that briquettes emitted a larger proportion of ethene and acetylene. Both combustion efficiency and coal organic maturity had a significant impact on NMVOC s from burning coal: NMVOC emissions increased with increasing coal organic maturity but decreased as the combustion efficiency improved. Emissions from the combustion of crop residue briquettes from stoves occurred mainly during the smoldering process, with low combustion efficiency. Therefore, an improved stove design to allow higher combustion efficiency would be beneficial for reducing emissions of carbonaceous air pollutants.

关键词： residential combustion coal crop residue briquette emission factors gaseous carbonaceous species

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Environmental, social, and economic assessment of energy utilization of crop residue in China

Yueling ZHANG, Junjie LI, Huan LIU, Guangling ZHAO, Yajun TIAN, Kechang XIE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 308-319 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0696-x

摘要： This paper aims to discuss an environmental, social, and economic analysis of energy utilization of crop residues from life cycle perspectives in China. The methodologies employed to achieve this objective are environmental life cycle assessment (E-LCA), life cycle cost (LCC), and social life cycle assessment (S-LCA). Five scenarios are developed based on the conversion technologies and final bioenergy products. The system boundaries include crop residue collection, transportation, pre-treatment, and conversion process. The replaced amounts of energy are also taken into account in the E-LCA analysis. The functional unit is defined as 1 MJ of energy produced. Eight impact categories are considered besides climate change in E-LCA. The investment capital cost and salary cost are collected and compared in the life cycle of the scenarios. Three stakeholders and several subcategories are considered in the S-LCA analysis defined by UNEP/SETAS guidelines. The results show that the energy utilization of crop residue has carbon emission factors of 0.09–0.18 kg (CO eq per 1 MJ), and presents a net carbon emissions reduction of 0.03–0.15 kg (CO eq per 1 MJ) compared with the convectional electricity or petrol, but the other impacts should be paid attention to in the biomass energy scenarios. The energy utilization of crop residues can bring economic benefit to local communities and the society, but the working conditions of local workers need to be improved in future biomass energy development.

关键词： crop residue life cycle assessment life cycle cost social life cycle assessment energy production

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Assessing the potential of crop residue recycling in China and technology options based on a bottom-up

Lili QU,Tianzhu ZHANG,Wei LU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 570-579 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0604-2

摘要： Crop residues are an important biomass, and are significant in the sustainable development of China. This paper uses the Grey-Markov modeling approach, the cost-benefit analysis method, and the constraint optimization method to establish the potential of crop residue recycling in China (CRRC) using a bottom-up analysis. Taking 2010 as the baseline year, the CRRC model is used to determine the quantity trends of crop residue resources, simulating the recycling potential and selecting key crop residue recycling technologies for operation between 2010 and 2030. The results illustrate that the total residue output from different crops will gradually increase to 1062 million tons in 2030. The proportion of crop residue for field burning is expected to decrease as a result of guidance and support from the government. Market mechanisms are also improving the development of the crop residue recycling industry. The economic benefit of crop residue recycling is expected to be worth 132 billion CNY in 2030 according to technology structure options. Key crop residue recycling technologies preferred such as liquefaction, amination, silo, co-firing straw power and composting will account for more than 85% of the total benefits.

关键词： China crop residue recycling potential technology options

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Porous silica synthesis out of coal fly ash with no residue generation and complete silicon separation

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1712-2

摘要：

● Both amorphous and crystalline silicon are completely separated from coal fly ash.

关键词： Coal fly ash Alkali fusion Micro-/meso-porous Si Zeolite MCM-48 Crystalline transformation

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Immobilized

Pei MA, Dan ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 498-508 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0429-4

摘要： To investigate the potential use of ( ) residue for Cd adsorption, poly alcohol Na alginate (PVA) was applied to immobilize it. The parameters including contact time, pH, adsorbent dosages, and coexisting metal ions were studied. The suitable pH for immobilized was 4–7 wider than that for raw (pH 6–7). In the presence of Pb concentration varying from 0 to 30 mg·L , the Cd adsorption ratios declined by 6.71% and 47.45% for immobilized and raw , respectively. While, with the coexisting ion Cu concentration varied from 0 to 30 mg·L , the Cd adsorption ratios declined by 12.97% and 50.56% for immobilized and raw , respectively. The Cd adsorption isotherms in single–metal and dual-metal solutions were analyzed by using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich models. The Cd adsorption capacities ( ) in single-metal solution were 6.448 mg·L and 2.832 mg·L for immobilized and raw , respectively. The of immobilized were 1.850 mg Cd·g in Cd + Pb solution and 3.961 mg Cd·g in Cd + Cu solution, respectively. The Cd adsorption processes subjected to both adsorbents follow pseudo-second-order model. Mechanism study showed the functional group of was –OH, –NH, –CO, and PVA played an important role in metal adsorbing. Mining wastewater treatment test showed that PVA–SA-immobilized was effective in mixed pollutant treatment even for wastewater containing metal ions in very low concentration.

关键词： immobilization Lentinus edodes residue competitive adsorption isotherm

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深刻认识汽车产业发展规律

付于武 ,陈秀敏

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第3期页码 98-102 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.019

摘要：

汽车产业经过130 多年的沉淀，积累了不少全球业内普遍接受和认可的规律。当前，我国汽车产业正处于转型升级的战略机遇期，迫切需要提高对产业的认识，加强对产业发展规律的研究，避免浮躁、违背规律现象的出现。本文从技术、市场、人才等多个角度，尝试归纳了汽车产业发展中转型与升级相辅相成的关系、资金技术劳动密集的产业特性、创新与协同的必然要求等九大规律，以指导和推动我国汽车产业健康、可持续发展。

关键词：汽车产业发展规律可持续发展

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构建自主零部件体系夯实汽车强国基础

李开国,邓小芝,沈斌,吴胜男

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第1期页码 133-138 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.01.019

摘要：

汽车零部件产业是汽车工业强国的基础，是推动汽车工业发展的主要驱动力，汽车强国都拥有较强的零部件产业。当前我国汽车产业正处于由大变强的关键时期，而零部件产业的发展难以支撑汽车强国的发展。本文通过对我国汽车零部件产业发展存在的问题、机遇进行分析，提出从强化工业基础、扩大自主配套规模、培育龙头企业等方面构建自主零部件配套体系，以夯实汽车强国发展基础，支撑汽车强国发展。

关键词：汽车强国零部件体系自主措施建议

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发展共享汽车推动汽车强国建设

乔英俊,纪雪洪

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第1期页码 120-126 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.01.017

摘要：

本文介绍了共享汽车在国内外的发展现状与前景，并结合现阶段汽车发展的低碳化、电动化、网联化、智能化和共享化等新特征，着重对共享化推动汽车转型发展的影响进行了阐述。在此基础上，提出政府应将共享汽车放在汽车强国建设的战略高度，创造良好的发展环境，推动共享汽车在我国快速发展。

关键词：共享汽车汽车强国问题政策

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Green process to recover magnesium chloride from residue solution of potassium chloride production plant

WANG Lin, HE Yunliang, WANG Yanfei, BAO Ying, WANG Jingkang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第4期页码 385-389 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0079-z

摘要： The green process to recover magnesium chloride from the residue solution of a potassium chloride production plant, which comes from the leach solution of a potash mine in Laos, is designed and optimized. The residue solution contains magnesium chloride above 25 wt-%, potassium chloride and sodium chloride together below 5 wt-% and a few other ions such as Br, SO and Ca. The recovery process contains two steps: the previous impurity removal operation and the two-stage evaporation-cooling crystallization procedure to produce magnesium chloride. The crystallized impurity carnallite obtained from the first step is recycled to the potassium chloride plant to recover the potassium salt. The developed process is a zero discharge one and thus fulfills the requirements for green chemical industrial production. The produced magnesium chloride is up to industrial criteria.

关键词： industrial production chemical industrial produced magnesium chloride production impurity carnallite

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我国汽车工业如何迎接WTO

金履忠

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第8期页码 18-24

摘要：

文章指出，我国轿车工业形势严峻及其原因。为迎接WTO，要从实际出发，不同汽车类别，采取不同对策：要大力改进农用车；大力开发微型车这个现实存在的、潜在的广大市场；抓紧新型电动汽车的开发；增强国有巨型汽车企业中低档轿车的自主开发能力，提高其国际竞争力；放宽政策引进外资，发展中高档及高档轿车。使占汽车产量的绝大多数、适合广大城乡人民需要的汽车生产，掌握在有自主知识产权的民族工业手里。

关键词：汽车工业迎接WTO 对策

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推进炼油与汽车行业协同发展战略研究

曹湘洪

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第3期页码 61-69 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.005

摘要：

电动车、燃料电池车等新能源汽车快速发展开启了汽车动力革命的大幕。内燃机汽车制造行业和油品生产行业通过满足最新排放限值要求、提升油品质量、推进内燃机技术不断进步等积极应对汽车动力革命。新能源汽车优势与劣势并存，短期内不具备全面替代内燃机汽车的条件。采用高效内燃机的油电混合动力汽车可大幅度降低污染物排放和碳排放，是符合我国国情的动力汽车。面向2050 年，内燃机汽车、油电混合动力汽车、燃料电池车、纯电动车等将发挥各自的技术优势，多元共存，但内燃机动力车会占据主体地位，汽车动力对液体燃料的依赖度还将会超过60%。炼油、汽车行业要推进协同发展，从分子层面研究内燃机中燃料的燃烧机理，研究车用燃料组成、馏程与颗粒物排放的关系并开发简化模型、开发并推广高品质燃料及高档润滑油，以适应汽车动力多元化时代新的低碳减排要求。

关键词：汽车动力革命内燃机技术油品质量协同发展

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中国汽车制造质量提升战略研究

林忠钦,赵亦希,潘尔顺

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第1期页码 45-51 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.01.007

摘要：

本文在分析我国汽车制造业存在的质量效益不高、质量竞争力不强、中高端供给能力不足、国外品牌强而自主品牌弱、自主零部件品牌状况堪忧等问题的基础上，梳理了长期困扰我国汽车制造业发展的一系列瓶颈问题，如质量技术基础薄弱、制造基础不强、核心技术处于劣势、创新力不足、共性基础性技术研究和研究平台缺失等；提出了我国汽车制造质量提升的指导思想和阶段性目标，并从加大国家产业支持政策向新能源和智能网联汽车的倾斜力度、实施汽车质量提升工程等五个方面，提出了我国汽车制造业质量提升的发展对策。

关键词：汽车制造业质量自主品牌发展战略

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论汽车动力总成节能环保的若干核心产品技术及FAW的技术对策

李骏

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第8期页码 64-71

摘要：

我国正由汽车工业消费大国向汽车生产大国过渡，汽车工业在GDP中的比重不断攀升，已成长为国民经济支柱，目前已基本形成汽车产品自主开发和技术创新能力。面对日益突出的能源及环境保护问题，以及正面参与国际竞争的压力，汽车产品的竞争要素也在不断转变，动力总成作为汽车产品的关键核心部件，在其中扮演着举足轻重的角色。随着竞争环境的复杂多变，以及顾客需求的多样化，汽车动力总成产品新的竞争局面正在形成，由单纯的追求性能，发展成为目前面向节能、环保、安全及发展循环经济的国际竞争，分析了中国汽车动力总成节能、环保的主要课题，阐述了目前汽车动力总成产品的主要技术，并剖析了一汽(FAW)的技术对策及产品战略。

关键词：汽车动力总成节能环保核心产品技术